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"THE GREAT GMO FOOD FIGHT"

What is a GMO? 
    GMO = Genetically Modified Organism
    GMO = any organism in which a gene from another species has been inserted.
    GMO Food = any food containing or made from a GMO.

Current GMOs & GMO products
    Virtually all Cheese (chymosin)
    |NutraSweet
    Roundup-Ready Soybeans
    Bt Corn
    Roundup-Ready Canola |
    Bt Potatoes
    Virus Resistant Squash
    Bt Cotton

Coming Soon
    Salmon
    Golden Rice

The Adversaries in the GMO Fight
    Generally Anti-GMO
    Environmental activist organizations
    The organic food industry
    Media in Europe
    Citizens in Europe
    Producers in Europe

Generally Pro-GMO
    Scientists worldwide
    Universities worldwide
    Governments
    Agribusiness (except organic foods)
    Producers in the U.S.

Currently Ambivalent
    American consumers
    Some Pro-GMO Notables
    Norman Borlaug
    James Watson
    Jimmy Carter
    Senator Christopher Bond
    UN Food and Agriculture Organization
    The Church of England
    The Pope

Why do Europe and the U.S. Differ?
    The "Mad Cow" disease
    Greater trust in environmental groups than in their governmental regulatory agencies

Tabloid journalism
    Smaller and less efficient farms
    Romantic views of agriculture and food

The Stance of the Anti-GMO Side
    GMOs ("Frankenfoods") are toxic, allergenic and hazardous to the environment.
    Monsanto and other mega-corporations are poisoning the people and the land for corporate profits.
    GMOs will impoverish farmers in third world countries by making them dependent for seed on mega-corporations.
    Scientists, universities, and government regulators are "in the pocket" of biotechnology companies.
    Citizens have a "right to know" if a food contains genetically modified ingredients.
    All GMO foods must be labeled
    GMOs are unnatural and against God.

Specific Charges Against GMOs
    Plant pesticides hurt non-target species, specifically, Monarch butterflies
        New studies indicate negligible effects of Bt corn on Monarchs.
    GMOs contain previously unknown allergens and toxins.
        There have been no documented cases of allergies or toxic effects.
    GMOs will cause spread of antibiotic resistance.
        Both the FDA and the Environmental Defense Fund disagree.
    Herbicide resistance genes will move to weeds to create "superweeds."
        A possible concern for canola, which can cross with weedy mustards.
    Widespread use of Bt crops will reduce the efficacy of Bt sprays used by organic farmers.
        A valid concern.

The Stance of the Pro-GMO Side
    GMO foods are as safe or safer than foods produced by traditional breeding.
    GMO foods are more tested than any other foods in history.
    GMOs will benefit third world countries by allowing them to grow more of their own food.
    Labeling would be expensive (due to the need for segregation), unnecessary, and misleading.
    The "right to know" does not extend to the process used to make a food, only to what actually ends up in the food.
    GMO technology is the best hope to feed the world's burgeoning population.

Anticipated Benefits of GMO Crops
    Use of more environmentally friendly herbicides     (Roundup-ready soybeans, etc.)
    Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (Bt-cotton, Bt-corn, etc.)
    Foods with improved nutritional value (increased -carotene and iron in "golden" rice)
    Reduced carcinogens and toxins in foods (fumonisins in corn, glycoalkyloids in potatoes, cyanogenic toxins in cassava)
    Decreased allergenicity (removal of allergens from nuts and grains)
    Increased yields and yield stability (tolerance to drought, flooding, frost, salinity, insects, and diseases)
    Improved health care in developing countries (potatoes and bananas with edible vaccines)

An Unexpected Benefit of Bt Corn
    Fumonisins: A group of related toxins produced by species of Fusarium, a common fungus on corn worldwide.
    Toxicity of Fumonisins In swine: fatal filling of the air sacs of the lungs with liquid.
    In horses: fatal softening and deterioration of the white matter of the brain.
    In rats and mice: cancer
    In humans: consumption of fumonisin-contaminated corn in South Africa and Central China is correlated with esophageal cancer.
        Bt Corn has Lower Fumonisin Levels
        In non-Bt corn, greater insect damage of kernels leads to more Fusarium infection, which leads to higher fumonisin levels than in non-Bt corn.

Fusarium Ear Rot
    Caused by Fusarium subglutinans, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum and other Fusarium species
    Fusarium Ear Rot after Corn Borer Injury

Who Loses if GMOs are Rejected?
    The next generation of GMO products is expected to directly benefit consumers and the environment.
    Society!

What Can You Do?
    Learn more facts about GMOs.
    Share what you learn with your friends.

Where to Learn More?
    Join the AgBioView Discussion List at http://agbioview.listbot.com
    Read the AgBioWorld web-site at http://www.agbioworld.org

02/01/2009
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